Method of producing socket screw fasteners



Oct. 28, 1941.- 1.. J. LOVISEK METHODOF PRODUCING SOCKET SCREW FASTENERS Original Filed June 25, 1940 7 Sheets-Sheet l Oct. 28, 1941. L. J. LowsEK METHODOF PRODUCING SOCKET SCREW FASTENERS 7 Shets-Sheet 2 Original Filed June 25, 1940 mm; j (Illa/weir Oct. 28, 1941. V J ows 7 2,261,057

METHOD OF PRODUCING SOCKET SCREW FASTENERS Original Filed June 25, 1940 7 Sheets-Sheet I5 Q Jlapb'Je/e N N Oct. 28, 1941. J. LOVISEK 2,261,067

METHODDF PRODUCING SOCKET SCREW FASTENERS Original Filed June 25, 1940 7 Sheets-Sheet 4 18 37 [dial/Z6692 Oct. 28, 1941. J.-LOVISEK 2,261,067

METHOD OF PRODUCING SOCKET SCREW FASTENERS 1 Original Filed June 25, 1940 7' Sheets-Sheet 5 Oct. 28, 1941.

METHODDF PRODUCING SOGKIEIAI SCREW FASTENERS Original Filed Jun 25, 1940 7 Sheets-Sheet 6 Oct. 28, 1941. J; LOVISEK I 6 METHOD OF PRODUCING SOCKET SCREW FASTENERS Original Filed -June 25, 1940 7 Sheets-Sheet 1 r m n 85 w F1511- I," 7 83 7f 77 if x l 79 ll .=l f 7/81 33 a f- /-R A7 '32 'L 29 Wu J I I, JJZ ZM ZZ I a4 a; 36

Patented Oct. 28, 1941 UNITED STATES PATENT. OFFICE I 2,261,067 1 1 1 METHOD or PRODUCING 's'ooKE'r somiw FASTENERS l Louis J. Lovisek, New York, N; Y assignor to Parker-Kalon Corporation, "New York, N. Y., a Y

corporation of New York Original application June 25, 1940, Serial No.

342,399. Divided and this application February 19, 1941, Serial No. 379,667

3 Claims.

The presentinvention relates to improvements in novel methods of pressure-shaping blank ma terials "for the purpose of producing hollow articles, such as socket screws or fastener devices, enabling the operation of the said devices by means of a wrench or equivalent tool, This application constitutes a division of my co-pending application filed June 25, 1940, Serial No. 342,399, for drop-back or'supplemental backstop mechanism for heading apparatus- This application relates to mechanism applicable to conventional header apparatus, by means of which stock continuously fed from a source of supply may be formed'into' individual articles of varying shapes embodying'hollow extremities'the formation of which conforms to shaping dies; so operated in coordination with the header instrumentalities that the stock material may be shaped to produce the'article blanks complete excepting only for threading, in one and the same machine.

In order to make clear the manner in which the article blanks above referred to' are shaped to 'produce the screw devices, it is desirable to describe fully the apparatus by 'means of which the method of shaping is performed,"and in the present instance this apparatus takes theflform of "an" attachment readily applicable to a well known header; construction to thereby economi cally turn out such articlesas flush head set s crews,--'sof:ket screwsjand plugs ofvarious types with normal or oversize heads, heXag-onalnuts; ammunition shells, cap nuts and the like, and it embodies primarily supplemental back stop or drop back mechanism and actuating means therefor synchronized with the regular knockout means of the header device so asto' control the" diefshaping instrumentalities in 'a manner to first cause the end portions of the blanks to be deformed laterally or expanded to receive a shap-' ih g'toolthereinto and thereaiter drawn 'or'com-f pressed about said tool to proper external'and internal size and shape for the finished article,

-One'of the primary objects'of my invention is to provide a construction which in nowise pre-: vents the header apparatus itself from functioning normally as a header when so desired, and,

the novel features thereof defined by the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings- 7 V Figure '1 is a top plan of a conventional header machine'having my invention applied thereto, parts being broken away and shown in section to disclose the details of construction;

Figure 2 is a side elevation of the apparatus, the flywheel being removed and parts being broken away and shown in section; q Figure '3'is an enlarged detail view showing the position of-the spacer element of my dropback mechanism during the preliminary dieshaping step of asocket set screw or the like;

Figure 4 is an enlarged View showing the spacer device of my invention displaced into inoperative position, as during the'finishing step for the set screw blank; c c

Figure 5 is an enlarged view, partly in elevation and partly in section; showing the position of the-preliminary punch at'the completion of its forward stroke; p l Figure'fiis a corresponding view showing the position of the second punch at the end of its stroke; c

Figure 7 is an enlarged plan view, parts being broken away and shown in section, and illustratingrnore specifically the spacer slide in its position during the preliminarystep of treatment-of screw blanks; l V

Figure'-8 -is a plan view showing the first position of amodifiedform of drop-back mechanism used in producing socket head cap screws;

" Figure 9 is a view similar to Figure 8-and showing the position ofthe' parts thereof in the secondiorrn'ing step of a capscrew blank; V

ri or-sic is a view in elevation, parts being broken away? and shown in section, depicting the position of; the*preliminary punch in the first steDof forming a cap screw blank;

Figure 11 is a similar'view showing the posi tion of the finishing punch in the, second ste to this end, my attachment is so mounted as'to thereof; v r V e, frealdfly thrown and out of Operation by a Figure 13 is an end view of the structure shown very, simple connection, depending upon the parn em; 1 c

ticular operationdesired on articles to be produce'd- Other and further objects-and advantages of Figures 14, 15 and 16 are detailed views showing the blank for producing set screws in the three stages of their productiom and thei'inven'tion will Ice-hereinafter set forth and Figures 17, 18 and 19 are correspondi 'V WS of the three stages of production of a socket head cap screw.

Like reference characters designate corresponding parts in the several figures of the drawings.

In carrying out my invention, I have illustrated its application to a conventional header apparatus, known commercially as a solid die, double stroke toggle header, and therefore, only those general features of this apparatus have been shown which will assistin a ready understanding of the present invention. Reference may be had to prior Patents 2,090,641 and 2,160,-

with the tapered extremity of the punch and the tapered form of the matrix die, as clearly shown in Figure 3 of the drawings. The punch, having now completed its stroke, recedes under the action of the toggle mechanism, leaving the blank in the heading-die l2. Should the blank tend to adhere to the end of the punch, it will be automatically displaced therefrom by contact of the flared extremity of the blank with the 087 for further details or information relative to t the commercial structure.

To this end, referring to Figure 1, l designates the frame of the header on which is mounted the crank shaft 2 carrying the flywheel 3. The toggle mechanism is generally indicated by the numeral 4, and at one end of the machine is located the knock-out lever 5 swivelled on pin 6 and operated by the adjusting screw "I, slide 8, and connection 9 to eccentric cam lll.- The lever 5 is limited in movement in one'direction by this cam and in the other direction by thebacking screw ll.

It will be understood that wire stock is intermittently fed to the header mechanism in the customary manner and by a cut-off knife the desired length of stock is cut off and carried into position directly in front of the heading die. This cut-off assembly is not herein shown as it forms no part of this invention, and, furthermore, is conventional. The operation of the header in the treatment of this blank, however, will now be taken up rather specifically in conjunction with the novel features of my attachments. Assuming first that the individual blank presented .to the matrix or heading die as aforesaid is to be made into a hollow or socket set screw of the flush type, without head, said blank is first subjected to an expanding action toreceive a socket-forming tool, and thereafter drawn into final shape by a finishing die.

To accomplish these steps upon the header appa'ratus disclosed herein, it will be noted by reference to Figures 1 and 3 that the heading-die l 2 is mounted in the usual die block l3 held stationary in the frame of the machine by the wedge M. The die I2 is provided witha guide bushing [.5 held in place by screws 16 and centralized on it by shoulder I1. I

Passing now to the punch block assembly, in the block 18 carried by the vertically movable slide I9 are mounted the preliminary and finishing punches or pins, the former, designated 20, being solidly held in the bushing 21 of the holder 22. Assuming that the slide block is in its lower position (Figure 5), the punch under the action of the toggle mechanism pushes the blank into and through the opening 23 of the bushing l5 and into the tapered mouth 24 of the headingdie l2. As the punch and blank continue to move forwardly, the forward end of the blank is pushed into the longitudinal bore 25 of reduced diameter. The blank continues to move forwardly until it hits the knock-out or stop pin 26 of the knock-out mechanism. It might be noted at this point that the pin 26 is held in the position shown in Figure 3 by the knock-out lever 5 hereinbefore mentioned and the backstop means. As the toggle mechanism continues to move the punch forward, the cut-off blank is caused to spread out or expand in conformity shoulder or face of the bushing I5 which overhangs the tapered entrance 24 of the headingdie. As the first or preliminary punch 20 further recedes, the punch block l8 rises under the influence of the conventional slide shifting means of the header apparatus until the finishing punch 2'! lies directly opposite the headingdie [2 and the treated blank now positioned therein.

It is to be understood at this point that in the first or preliminary forming step of the article as above described, the supplemental back-stop mechanism which form the subject-matter of my invention and which will later be fully described, functioned in backing up the knock-out pin 26 by virtue of the cooperation. of a slide member which is mounted upon the knock-out lever 5 so as to interpose a spacer element between the end of this lever and the backin screw I I. The position of the parts, including this slide element in the first stepof the forming operation as before described, is clearly seen in Figure 3 of the drawings. I

However, before specifically referring to-said supplemental back-stop means, the second or finishing step of the die will be set forth. Referring to Figures 4 and 6, it will be noted that the finishing punch 21 is mounted in a sleeve 28, and that this sleeve at its forward end is formed with a reduced extension 29 which, upon the next forward movement of the punch block assembly, enters the guide opening 23 in the bushing I5 of the matrix or heading-die. This forward assembly movement continues until the shoulder 30 on the sleeve 28 comes into contact with the face of the bushing l5. This forward motion of the sleeve 28 is thus stopped, but the finishing or hex punch 21 continues its forward motion until it enters the prepared recess in the flared end of the blank. When theend of the punch hits-the bottom of this recess, thenthe blank starts to move forward, said forwardmotion being allowed due to the drop-back of knock-out pin 26, in turn permitted by the displacement-of the slide on the knock-out lever 5. Under this condition, the knock-out lever is permitted to shift towards the backing screw H.

The forward movement of the knock-out pin '26.

now being stopped, the hex punch pushes the blank farther into the heading-die and the re duced extension 29 thereof compresses the metal of the blank around the hex punch. The forward motion above mentioned continues until the blank has traveled past the tapered entrance 24' of the. die and is formedto the diameter of the die bore'25. 'The pressure shaping of the blank or finishing step is now completed, and thereafter the entire assembly of the or finishing punch recedes.

If the blank'remains in the die, the normal action of the knock-out mechanism of the header machine causes the knock-out pin 26 to travel in the reversedirection so as to push the blank through the opening 23 of the bushing l5 and al-.-

lows it to dropout-of the machine by gravity.

second heading menace ment will pass freely through the guide bushing, as stated, due to the fact that the diameter of the blank isnow smaller than said opening.

-HoweVer, ifthe' blank should adhere tothe hex punch 2! as it recedes, another mechanism for stripping it from the punch comes-into play. In other words, as. the punch block 18 shifts to putthe preliminary punch back into the initial position herein described, the button 3-! is causedto ride across the face 32 of the stationary cam 33 associated with the punch assembly slidecauses thebutton, its: connecting shank 34, and. yoke35 tomove in the forward direction, thereby pushing the. sleeve 2& to the right in its bushing 36:. m It will be, observed in Figure that the punch 2.1 is solidly held in position by .thenut 31 onto the bridge 38' which is fastened to the. punch block 118 Since the punch 21 is standing still relatively speaking, the face 39 of the extension 29 pushes against the end of the blank, thereby stripping it. fromthe punch and allowing it to. fall out: of the machine by gravity;

Passing now to a. specific description of the supplemental back-stop-mechanism of my invention, and referring to Figures 1 and 2 of the drawings, it will be noted that I mount a cam 40 upon the collar 4| of the flywheel 3, this cam having a rising portion 4i and a dwell 4i. Mounted upon the frame of the machine adja--' cent this cam is a horizontal shaft, to one end of which is connected the upstanding arm 7 43 carrying the follower roll 44 which is arranged,

to bear against the face of the cam 40. -At the opposite end of. the shaft 42 is fixed a second arm 45, to the upper end of which is secured the adjustable clevis 46= in turn connected to the rod '41, having at its outer extremity a suitable opening 48 to. receive the end of the short lever 49. This last-named lever in turn isconnected to the ver-- tical shaft 50 which rotates in the bearings 5| and 52'. To the lower end of the shaft 50 is connected the lever arm 53, having its outer rounded extremity fitted into aslot 54 of the slide bar 55. This. sliding bar has a pair of rectangular slots 56 which permit the bar to slide on squared pins 5! which are screwed into the edge ofthe knockout lever 5. A retainer plate 58 is employed to The cam roller 44' i held in contact with thecam 40 by means of: the sprin 6|, whichisconnected at one end to the frame; of the machine, as at 62, and at its other end to-thezrod 41," as at 63. In operation, the rising portion '4'I of the cam 40 causes the arm 4-3 to: move clockwise which in turn shifts the rod 41 longitudinally to. the right. This, causes the, lever arm- 49 to' shift counterclockwise and the lever armu53 to move in a similar direction, thusrimparting retracting movementto-the slide: bar 55 so asto allow the end of the knock-out lever to movelits full stroke into contact with the backing screw I:l. As: the cam 40 continues to rotate the. cam roller- 44': passes into the dwell; H which effects areverse.

movement of the slide bar 5.5; thereby causing the spacer tip 59* to shift to a: position-in which stitute anabutment by the knock-out rod 82" is. the normal position of my supplementaiback stop mechanism, and is also the position assumed by the parts in the preliminary step of forming the blank as above described for producing arti-' cles a's hollow setscrews. I 1? 1 When the machineis to be operated for the purpose ofshaping a socket cap s'crewof the headed type, the mechanism of my supplemental back-stop attachment is slightly modified, as now be more fully set forth in connection with the. disclosure shown in Figures 8' to-13' of the drawings; In this case, as before described, a suitable length of Wire stock is cut off and the blank carried by the cut-off mechanism into 'a position in alinement with the heading-'didlb: This die has mounted therein as a part ther'eof a shiftablesleeve H which, although free to move" longitudinally inthe die, is held in place at this cycle of operation by means of the sleeve F2 forming a part of my modifiedsupplem'ental back-stop mechanism. As the first punch 13 is ready to come forward to do its work, the sleeve 14 in it is mounted is in" an extended position, as shown in Figure 1-1 of the drawings. Said sleeve M isheld outwardly by a suitable" expansion spring 15,- and the outward'movement of the sleeve is stopped by the shoulder I 6- thereof abutting the shoulder FT of the guide bushingf T8; This bushing is fixedly held in the punch j die sleeve H until the blank contacts the knock out pin 81, which is held stationary so'as to conwhich; in turn, is held stationary by the knockout lever5; and supplementatba'ck-stop mechanism slide 55 in theposition thereof" in which thespacer tip is interposed between the knockout lever 5and the-backing screw H'.

holding the punch sleeve 14 and the punch 13 in direct alinement with the bore 8ll of the die sleeve H-. M is thus stopped. As the forward movement of the punch block I8 continues, the bushing!!! slides over the then stationary sleeve 14, and the'punch Bel-ides through the opening i9 thereof. Phis movement continues until theblank is formed, as shown in Figure 10; As the punch block I 8 now recedes; the blank is held in the die by friction developed in the-bore between the die sleeve H and the blank. As the first punch assembly recedes still farther, thepunch block l'8- rises; as heretofore described, in order to bring in-connectionwith this modified form oftheinventionoccurs-in exact accord with the oper ation of" the finishing punch asdescribed with 1 reference to the finishing step above described in connection with the hollow set screw article blank-r It, therefore,is unnecessary to again set forth in detail said operation in connection withthe shaping of the socketcap' screw article blank.

,It is suffi'cient-to say, however, inconnection 'with Theforward movement of the sleeve the finishing punch assembly of this modified form that the finishing punch sleeve, as shown in Figure. 11 of the drawings, and designated in said figure 29', is slightly differently shaped as regards the forward extension 39 thereof. As will be noted in the figure last referred to, this extension has a tapered form, the taper conforming to the taper of the entrance 85 of the heading-die 1U.

It is also desirable to note that in this second step of finish shaping of the cap screw, the die sleeve 1 I, during the preliminary step of expanding the head end of the blank, is at its extreme position in the die 10, as shown in Figure 10, being-heldin such position by the sleeve 12 as hereinbefore explained.

When the shift is made to bring the finishing punch in this instance into position to cooperate with the heading-die, it is necessary that the sleeve H be permitted to move from the said extreme position above referred to away from the constricted portion of the entrance 85 of said die so as to occupy a position as clearly shown in Figure 11 of the drawings. This will permit the finishing punch to shift the blank fromthe position shown in Figure "10 through the constricted portion of the entrance 85 to draw the head of the blank about the hexagonal terminal of the finishing punch into its final shape forming the hexagonal socket. by operation of certain cam and backing means which will now be described more in detail.

Referring to Figures 8 and 12 of the drawings showing the position of the parts of the knockout mechanism and supplemental back-stop means at the conclusion of the preliminary shaping step, it will be noted that the slide shifting lever arm 53 in this form of the device has connected thereto an arcuately shaped link 86, and said link at one of its ends is pivotally connected to the arm 81 mounted in the bracket 88 on the pivot 89, said bracket being suitably attached to the frame of the machine by the clamping bolts 90. The opposite end of the arm 81 is provided with a pin 9| which extends into an elongated slot 92 in a slide cam 93. This cam, as shown in Figure 13 of the drawings, is slotted at 94 to accommodate the stop screw H in its travel to and from the position shown in Figure 8 of the drawings. The face 96 of this cam slide coacts with the bifurcated end 12 of the sleeve 12 so as to hold the sleeve in the preliminary shaping step in the position above referred to and shown in Figure 8 of the drawings. It will be observed in Figure 12 that the bifurcation of the sleeve end, as at 12. permits the end of the knock-out lever 5 and the spacer tip 59 to extend therethrough. The surface of the slide 93 inclines from the face 96, as indicated at 91, to the second surface 98, and, therefore, when the slide 55 moves away from the position shown in Figure 12, under the actuation of the lever arm 53, the cam member 93 through the link connection 85 and actuating arm 81 will also correspondingly shift from the position shown in Figure 8 to the inoperative position as regards this cam clearly depicted in Figure 9 of the drawings. Under such conditions, the die sleeve 12 backs off and allows the heading-die sleeve to move back, andthe finishing punch as before stated, under the action of the toggle mechanism, pushes the cap screw blank through the die opening to draw the head of the blank into its final or finished shape.

When the finishing punch assembly recedes as just stated, if the formed blank remains in This is accomplished the die,'the,normal operation of the knock-out mechanism of the conventional heading machine causes the knock-out pin to push said blank through the opening in the heading-die, thus a1- lowing the blank to drop out of the machine by gravity.

However, if the blank should adhere to the finishing punch and should recede with it, another mechanism or stripping means comes into operation; As the punch block l8 shifts to put the preliminary punch 20 again into the position hereinbefore described, the button 3| rides across the face 32 of the stationary cam 33 to initiate the operation of the stripping means in the manner hereinbefore described with reference to the stripping phase of the device in connection with the forming of the set screw. It is unnecessary to repeat again the operation of this mechanism at this point under the conditions.

By way of summary of the sequence of operations incident to the pressure shaping of these blank units, the various steps are as follows:

(1) The wire stock is cut off to the proper length desired for forming the particular blank. (2) The blank is transferred by the cut-off mechanism into positionin front of the headingdie.

j (3,) The first heading punch pushes the blank into the die, performs its particular shaping operation of expanding the end of the blank and forming a toolrecess, then recedes and rises to permit the second punch to come into operative position.

(4) The supplemental back-stop or drop-back mechanism forming the special subject matter of this invention shifts out .of backing position to permit backing off of the knock-out pin, allowing theknock-out lever of the conventional header machine to, coact with the backing screw of the header machine.

(5) The second or finishing punch performs its operation on the blank to finally shape the latter. and then recedes and shifts downwardly to again bring the first or preliminary punch into its operative position.

i (6) The blank is either stripped off. of the punch or ejected from the die by a knock-out pin.

.(7)' The supplemental back-stop or drop-back mechanism causes the spacer element to again return to its initial position interposed between the end. of the knock-out lever and the backing screw, thus normalizing all'of the mechanism.

In conclusion, it is important to note that my attachmentdevice does not in any way interfere with the normal operation of the header machine or the knock-out mechanism thereof.

In this connection, it may be pointed out that by merely shifting the spring 6| from the position shown in full lines in Figure 2 of the drawings to that, shown in dotted lines in Figure 2 of the drawings, the cam lever 43 will be held away from its actuating cam 40 and the spacer tip '59 willbe held in an inoperative position, allowing the knock-out lever 5 to contact with the'backing'screw 'l I. This permits the machine to operate as a standard heading machine.

Additionally, my attachment invention may be applied upon, any press or heading machine-including crank and toggle headers, single or multiple blow machines, and also upon machines having :'one :or. more knock-out arrangements withinthe purview of my invention.

While I have described a specific form of stripping means forv use in conjunction with my mechmentalities for shifting the spacer element of my attachment to and from operative position, it is to be understood that these mechanisms may readily be changed or modified to accomplish the functions and the cycles of operation to occur without departing from the spirit of the invention and within the scope of the claims appended hereto.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. The method of forming socketed articles which comprises the steps of partially forcing a blank of metal into a die bore having a tapered die opening and a blank abutment spaced at a predetermined distance from said opening to expand the blank and simultaneously form a toolreceiving recess therein, then displacing the blank abutment in said bore and compressing the expanded metal upon a socket shaping tool while moving the expanded portion of the blank by said tool into the restricted portion of the said die opening to finish-shape the exterior of the blank.

2. Th method of forming socketed articles which comprises the steps of partially forcing a blank of metal into a die bore having a tapered die opening and a blank abutment spaced at a predetermined distance from said opening to expand the blank and simultaneously form a toolreceiving recess therein, then displacing the blank abutment in said bore and compressing the expanded metal upon a socket shaping tool While moving the expanded portion of the blank by said tool into the restricted portion of the die opening to finish-shape the xterior of the blank and reversely moving the shaped blank out of the die opening by said blank abutment.

3. The method of forming socketed articles which comprises the steps of forcing a blank of metal into a die provided with a bore passage of a shape corresponding to the finished shape of the article and an entrance tapering portion leading to said passage to expand the end of the blank to conform the metal to the shape of the tapered entrance portion of the passage and form a tool-receiving recess therein, introducing a socket-shaping tool into said recess and forcing the expanded end of the blank by said tool into the bore passage of the said die to draw said blank end to the cross section contour of the said passage and shape the socket recess to the tool.

LOUIS J. LOVISEK. 

